# Pan-Handbuch

## Einführung

Mit der Anwendung Pan können Sie Artikel im Usenet lesen und veröffentlichen sowie Binärdateien übertragen.

## Erste Schritte

In diesem Abschnitt erhalten Sie Informationen, wie Sie Pan starten können, sowie eine Beschreibung der Benutzeroberfläche von Pan.

### Pan starten

Start von Pan, abhängig von Ihrer Arbeitsumgebung.

Die GNOME-Arbeitsumgebung

- Drücken Sie die Super-Taste, um die Aktivitäten-Übersicht zu öffnen, geben Sie `pan` ein und drücken Sie die Eingabetaste.

Befehlszeile

- Zum Starten von Pan über die Befehlszeile geben Sie folgenden Befehl ein und bestätigen ihn mit der Eingabetaste:

      pan

### Beim Start von Pan

Wenn Sie Pan starten, wird folgendes Fenster angezeigt.

#### Pan-Hauptfenster

Das Hauptfenster von Pan

Das Hauptfenster von Pan enthält die folgenden Elemente:

Menüleiste

- Die Menüleiste enthält alle Befehle, die Sie zur Ausführung von Pan benötigen.

Werkzeugleiste

- The toolbar contains a subset of the commands that you can access from the menubar. It also contains two textboxes that allow you to limit the number of groups and/or the number of articles displayed.

Gruppen-Teilfenster

- Das Gruppen-Teilfenster zeigt eine Liste aller auf dem Server verfügbaren Diskussionsgruppen an. Die Liste ist in zwei Gruppen unterteilt: Abonnierte Gruppen sind eine durch den Benutzer ausgewählte Liste der bevorzugten Gruppen, andere Gruppen sind die weiteren auf dem Server verfügbaren Gruppen.

Kopfzeilen-Teilfenster

- Das Kopfzeilen-Teilfenster zeigt eine Liste aller in der ausgewählten Gruppe verfügbaren Artikelkopfzeilen an. Das Kopfzeilen-Teilfenster ist vielfältig bezüglich Sortierung, Diskussionsfäden und Bewertung anpassbar.

Text-Teilfenster

- Das Text-Teilfenster zeigt den zur ausgewählten Artikelkopfzeile zugehörigen Text an.

Statusleiste

- Die Statuszeile zeigt Informationen zur aktuellen Aktvität in Pan an:

  - Aktuelle Anzahl der Verbindungen zum Server

  - Anzahl der noch nicht abgeschlossenen Aufgaben in der Aufgabenverwaltung

  - Prozentsatz der Fertigstellung aktueller Aufgaben

  - Fehlerstatus des Ereignisprotokolls

Wenn Sie mit der rechten Maustaste in das Pan-Fenster klicken, zeigt die Anwendung ein Kontextmenü an. Dieses Kontextmenü enthält die am häufigsten verwendeten Befehle für das angeklickte Teilfenster.

Wie in anderen Anwendungen auch können Aktionen in Pan auf verschiedene Arten ausgeführt werden: über das Menü, über die Werkzeugleiste oder durch Schnellzugriffe mittels Tastenkombinationen. Die Tastenkombinationen für die meisten Menüeinträge sind im Menü selbst neben dem jeweiligen Befehl sichtbar.

## Das Usent kurz und bündig

Wissen über die Funktionsweise des Usenet erleichtert die Benutzung von Pan.

### Beschreibung

Usenet is a distributed discussion system. Using a special program called a newsreader, a user accesses a news server to read and post email-like messages called articles. These articles are then exchanged back and forth with other news servers throughout the world. In this way, articles propagate from one news server to another throughout the entire Usenet system.

### Organisation

Articles are organized into categories called groups. In discussion groups, most articles are responses to another article. The set of articles which can be traced to one single non-reply article is called a thread. When articles are organized into threads, it is much easier to follow a single discussion.

### Artikelkopfzeilen

Articles are routed around Usenet based on the information contained in the article header, which is the first part of an article that contains information like the subject, author, date and routing information. To save time and bandwidth, most newsreaders first download just the article headers to sort and thread them. The user selects an article of interest from the list of headers and then downloads the article body to read.

### Binärdaten

Usenet was originally created to distribute text content encoded in 7-bit ASCII. With additional encoding programs, multiple posts per chunk and other various tricks, it became possible to send binary data through Usenet. Groups that allow for binary content or binaries are called binary groups.

## Grundlagen der Bedienung

This section is an overview on how to perform basic Usenet actions with Pan.

### Einen News-Server einrichten

Wenn Sie Pan zum ersten Mal starten, wird der Dialog Einen Server hinzufügen angezeigt.

At this point, you must enter the connection information for the server you wish to access. After you enter this information, Pan will contact the server and download a list of all the groups the server carries and save it to disk.

Refer to pan-custom-servers for more detailed information.

### Auswahl einer Newsgruppe

The Group Pane contains a list of all the news groups available on the server. Scroll through the list and enter a group by clicking on its name.

If this is the first time you have entered this group, you will be prompted on how many article headers you wish to retrieve from the server. You can choose to retrieve all article headers available for that group or limit the retrieval by either quantity of articles or number of days.

After making a selection from this dialog, Pan will download the article headers for the selected group and save them locally on the computer.

Depending on the news server, certain groups might be "dead" and have no headers available for download.

After article header retrieval, the group name in the Group Pane will turn bold, which means there are unread articles in that particular group. Also the number of unread articles in the group will be displayed in parenthesis following the group name.

It's not unusual for a server to have tens of thousands of groups, but usually a user is only interested in a few. To better keep track of the interesting groups, select the group name by middle-clicking on it and choose Groups Subscribe . Scroll the group window to the top if necessary and you will see that the selected newsgroup is listed directly under the Subscribed Groups section.

### Artikel lesen

After entering a group, the header pane will be filled with article headers. The header pane can be sorted by clicking on the topmost row of a column, where the column name is located. Clicking again will reverse the sort. The column that is used for sorting will have a downward arrow after the column name and the entire column will darken.

Pan defaults to showing collapsed threads. Only the first article of the thread is shown with a number in parenthesis indicating how many posts are hidden. Clicking on the right-facing arrow before the header text will expand the thread, showing the hidden articles in the thread. Reading the first article of the thread will also expand the thread. The keyboard shortcut for expanding threads is Shift→. Shift← will collapse the thread.

Clicking on a header will download the article from the server, store it in the article cache and display it in the article pane. The article is then marked as read. Read articles are distinguished in the header pane by using a normal (not bold) font and by showing an open envelope icon in the state column.

You can scroll the message in the Article Pane by using the scrollbar or by pressing Space. Whenever the bottom of the retrieved article is already displayed, pressing Space will download the next article.

### Artikel veröffentlichen

To post an article in a group and start a new thread, select the group you wish to post to in the Group Pane and then choose Post Post to a Newsgroup . If this is the first time you have posted an article to a newsgroup, the Posting Profile dialog will appear and you will be required to fill in some information. Next, the Post Article dialog will appear. Type in a subject and then enter the body of the message at the bottom. When done, choose File Send Article to send the article to the news server and out to the rest of Usenet.

Refer to pan-posting-profiles and pan-posting-dialog for more detailed information:

### Auf Artikel antworten

If you want to post a reply to a specific article and have your followup appear in that article's thread, highlight that article in the Header Pane with the middle mouse button and use Post Followup to Newsgroup . The highlighted article's text will appear as quoted text (each line is preceded by a ">") in the editor window. Type in your response and then choose File Send Article to send the article to the news server.

If you want to send a reply to a specific article via email, highlight that article in the Header Pane with the middle mouse button and choose Post Reply to Author in Mail . The highlighted article's text will appear as quoted text (each line is preceded by a ">") in the editor window. Type in your response and then choose File Send Article and the text will be sent to the default external email application. Double-check the To: field and then send the email as you normally would with that application.

### Binärdateien herunterladen

A binary file in Usenet is usually composed of many smaller articles. Pan automatically organizes all these articles under one special article header. If all the data that comprises the binary header made it through the Usenet network successfully, a green, full puzzle-piece is displayed in the first column. To save the data, select the special header in the header window and use Articles Save Articles to download and save the binary data to disk.

If the binary posts are corrupted by missing or incorrect data, a red, incomplete puzzle-piece is displayed in the first column. The file may be saved, but it will probably be corrupt in some way.

Supporting binary newsgroups takes a large amount of bandwidth. Unless you are using a premium news server provider, it is not unusual for many binary files to be missing or corrupt.

## Gruppen

Arbeiten mit Gruppen in Pan.

### Gruppenansichten

The total number of groups on a news server can be quite extensive. An easy way to find a specific group is to use the Group text box in the toolbar. Only groups that match the characters typed in the box will be displayed in the Group Pane. If you wish to return the Group Pane to its original state, simply delete the characters in the box by clicking the X icon to the right of the box.

The group names presented in the Group Pane can be shortened by choosing View Group Pane Abbreviate Names in Group Pane . This only alters the way the names are presented in this pane.

### Gruppenaktionen

Wenn eine Newsgruppe ausgewählt ist, können Sie die folgenden Aktionen ausführen:

Groups Mark Group Read

- Alle Artikel der Gruppe als gelesen markieren.

  A typical way to read news is to read all the interesting threads and when done mark the group read. The next time you start the news reader, choose Groups Get New Headers in Selected Group . With View Header Pane Match only Unread Articles , the only headers you will see will be the new headers you just downloaded.

Groups Get New Headers in Subscribed Groups

- Grab new headers for all the groups in the Subscribed Groups section.

Groups Edit Group Preferences

- Opens the Group Preferences dialog. Within this dialog you can customize certain Pan features per group:

  - Character encoding

  - Location in the file hierarchy where attachments are saved

  - The posting profile.

Groups Subscribe

- Add a favorite group to the Subscribed Groups section of the Group Pane. Unsubscribe is the opposite of this command.

Groups Refresh Group List

- Resync the local group list that Pan uses with the current listing on the news server.

Groups Delete Group's Articles

- Delete all the articles for the selected group from the article index.

### Die newsrc-Datei

The group list, subscribe/unsubscribe status of each group and the articles marked read in each group are stored in the newsrc file at `$HOME/.pan2/newsrc-1.`

The newsrc file format is standard among many Unix newsreaders and can be used to import and export this information between these applications.

## Kopfzeilen

Users will spend most of their time in Pan interacting with the article headers in the Header Pane. Pan has many features to optimize header viewing and article retrieval.

### Header View

Since the total number of all the available article headers in a group might be enormous, Pan has several options to limit the number of visible headers to a more manageable number.

In the toolbar, the Subject or Author text box is a filter than can be used to limit the visible headers. Usually this is used to search for a specific article or a group of articles. Click on the magnifying glass icon to choose which header field to base the filter. Only the article headers that match the characters typed into the text box will be displayed. Click the X to erase and reset.

Choose Edit Preferences Headers

- To hide or change the display order of the Header Pane columns.

Choose View Header Pane Thread Headers

- To enable or disable header threading in the Header Pane.

#### Replies of Matched Articles

The user can pick one of the next three options to control how Pan will display replies of matched articles.

In View Header Pane

- - Zutreffende Artikel anzeigen

    Show only articles that match the article view options..

  - Stränge zutreffender Artikel anzeigen

    Not only show articles that match the article view options, but also show all the articles in the entire thread of the matched article. This option will force read headers to be visible regardless of the view options.

  - Unterstränge zutreffender Artikel anzeigen

    Not only show articles that match the article view options, but also show articles that are replies of any matched article.

#### N

These options control which article headers are displayed in the Header Pane.

In View Header Pane

- - Nur neue Artikel treffen

    Only display articles that haven't been marked read.

  - Nur zwischengespeicherte Artikel treffen

    Only display articles that are available in the local article cache in the computer's hard drive.

  - Nur vollständige Artikel treffen

    Only binary articles that are complete (full, green puzzle piece in the state column) will be displayed. This also hides text articles.

  - Nur eigene Artikel treffen

    Only articles that the user has posted will be displayed.

  - Match Scores of xxxx

    These options deal with scoring where you choose to display an article based on its score. Refer to pan-scoring for more information.

### Header Movement

Movement around the Header Pane can be controlled by several methods, allowing the user to easily jump around complicated discussion threads with minimal input. Pan was designed for mouse-less article viewing, so most people use the keyboard shortcuts associated with these menu actions. The keyboard shortcut for most menu actions is displayed after the menu command.

Go Read More

- Scroll the article in the Article Pane. If the article is already scrolled to the bottom, grab the next article. You can customize the function of this key by changing Preferences Articles Space selects next article rather than next unread .

Go Read Back

- Scroll the article up in the Article Pane. If it's already scrolled to the top, grab the previous article displayed in the Thread Pane.

Go Next Unread Group

- Skip down to the next subscribed group in the Group Pane with unread articles and read the first article.

Go Next Group

- Skip down to the next subscribed group in the Group Pane and read the first article.

Go Next Unread Article

- Read the next unread article in the Thread Pane.

Go Next Article

- Read the next article, regardless of its read/unread state.

Go Next Watched Article

- Read the next watched article. A watched article is an article with a score of at least 9999. Refer to pan-scoring for more information.

Go Previous Article

- Read the previous article in the Thread Pane. This doesn't scroll the Article Pane like Go Read Back .

Go Parent Article

- Read the article for which the currently selected article is a reply.

Go Next Unread Thread

- Skip to the next unread thread and read the first article.

Go Next Thread

- Skip to the next thread and read the first article in that thread.

Go Previous Thread

- Skip back to the last thread and read the last article in that thread.

### Header Selection

In order to perform an action on an article header, you must select it first. Use the middle mouse button to select an article. Drag the selection field with the mouse to select multiple articles. Hold down the Ctrl key while clicking articles with the middle mouse button to add individual articles to the selection.

Pan also offers a number of other ways to efficiently select articles.

Edit Select All Articles

- Select all articles in the Header Pane.

Edit Add Subthreads to Selection

- Add all articles that are a reply to the selected article to the selection.

Edit Add Threads to Selection

- Add the entire thread of the selected article to the selection.

Edit Add Similar Articles to Selection

- With one article selected, add others articles with the same author and from the current thread to the selection.

Edit Deselect All Articles

- Cancel the current selection.

Edit Select Article Body

- Select the entire article body. You must retrieve the article first.

### Header Action

Whenever Pan downloads an article body, the data is saved to disk in the article cache. The article cache is a fixed-size buffer and when the cache has been filled, the older articles are erased to make room for newer ones.

These are the actions you can perform on an article selected in the Header Pane.

Articles Save Article

- Save the highlighted article to disk. When you select this option, the Save Articles dialog will open. From here, you can choose to:

  - Save Text

    Save the text of the displayed article.

  - Artikelanlagen speichern

    Save the binary attachments of the selected article to disk.

  - Path

    Where in the file hierarchy to save the binary attachment or text.

  - Priority

    Where to add the file in the Task Manager queue.

Articles Read Article

- Download the body of the selected article in the Header Pane and display it in the Article Pane.

Articles Cache Article

- Download the body of the selected article in the Header Pane but do NOT display it in the Article Pane.

Articles Mark Article as Read

- Change the state of the article to read.

Articles Mark Article as Unread

- Change the state of the article to unread.

Articles Delete Article

- Delete the selected article in the current group from the article index.

## Body

The Body Pane displays the text of a selected article header.

### Digital Images

Some groups specialize in digital images where each binary post is a separate image. Pan can automatically decode and display these images. To display the image, select and view the article header as you normally would for text and the image will be displayed in the Body Pane.

### Body Views

The way information is presented in the Body Pane can be customized in several ways.

In View Body Pane

- - Wrap Article Body

    Will force the text to flow into paragraphs instead of running off the edge of the text window. This is useful to fix badly formatted articles.

  - Alle Kopfzeilen im Nachrichteninhalt anzeigen

    The headers displayed in the Header Pane are only a small subset of the all the article headers. This commands will display the complete list of article headers in the Body Pane before the article text.

  - Rot 13 Selected Text

    A simple cipher used to hide story spoilers, joke punchlines, etc. Select a block of encrypted text and use this option to decode it to clear text.

  - Dicktengleiche Schrift verwenden

    Sometimes Usenet authors will create simple ASCII artwork or diagrams. By default, Pan uses proportional fonts for all text which renders ASCII artwork unreadable. By choosing this option, the text of the Body Pane will be displayed using the Monospace Font.

    You can configure the monospace font in Edit Preferences Font .

  - Smilies als Grafiken anzeigen

    Change ASCII emoticons like :) into graphical versions.

  - *Fett*, __Unterstrichen__, und /Kursiv/ anzeigen

    Over the years, Usenet authors have devised several strategies to overcome the limited typographic ability of ASCII. Enabling this option will format the article text following these typographic hints.

  - Size Pictures to Fit

    Size digital images so they will display in the Body Pane without scrolling. Click on the image to view it in its original size.

## Posting

Veröffentlichen von Artikeln in Pan.

### Aktionen

Post Post to Newsgroup

- Post an article to the selected newsgroup.

Post Followup to Newsgroup

- Post a reply to the selected article and continue the thread.

Post Reply to Author in Mail

- Post a reply to the selected article via email.

While highlighting in the Header Pane the article header of a post that you posted to the news server, you can perform these two actions:

Post Supersede Article

- This allows you to supersede an earlier article with another newer post.

Post Cancel Article

- This allows you to cancel a earlier article.

Most public news servers disable the supersede and cancel commands for security reasons. Make sure you are comfortable with your article before you post it to the news server, because in most cases it will be impossible to take back or alter what you have said.

### Posting Profiles Dialog

Posting Profiles allow the user to configure different Usenet personas that may be customized for particular groups.

The Posting Profiles dialog displays a list of currently configured Posting Profiles. From here you can Remove or Edit a profile by clicking on the profile's name and press the appropriate button. Clicking add will start a new profile.

#### Mandatory Information

Jedes Profil enthält die folgenden Informationen:

- Profile Name

  Der Name dieses Profils.

- Full Name

  The author name that will be used in the article's header.

- Email Address

  The email address that will be used in the article's header.

- Artikel posten über

  If multiple news servers are configured, choose which server will receive the article.

#### Signaturen

A signature is a block of text that is appended to the end of every outgoing article. Generally it is contact information, a personal motto or a witty saying.

Click Use a Signature to activate signature support.

- Text

  Type in the text you wish to use as a signature.

- Text File

  Enter the location of the file in the disk hierarchy. The Browse button can assist in this.

- Command

  Type in the command you wish to run and the output of that command will be captured and used as the signature text.

  Beispiel: `fortune -s`

- PGP Signature

  Choose this if you want to sign or encrypt your message with PGP. The given email address has to match the PGP email address for this method to work.

  PGP support is an optional feature and may not be available in your Pan build.

#### Zusätzliche Informationen

- Attribution

  When you reply to a post, the text in the attribution box precedes the quoted text. The %d flag is replaced the by the date of the selected post while the %n flag is replaced with the author of the selected post.

- Extra Headers

  This is a advanced option to add extra headers to the article.

### Post Article Dialog

Whenever you post an article you use the Post Article Dialog.

#### Composition

The Post Article Dialog is composed of the following parts:

Menubar

- The menubar contains all the commands that you need to post an article.

Toolbar

- Die Werkzeugleiste enthält eine Auswahl der Befehle, die Sie über die Menüleiste erreichen.

From

- Select which Posting Profile to use.

Subject

- Type in the subject of your post. If this post is a reply, this line is already filled-in.

Newsgroups

- A comma separated list of all the groups that will receive this article.

Mail To

- Enter an email address to send the article.

More Headers

- An advanced option to manually add more headers.

Text Area

- Where you enter the text of the article.

#### Dateibefehle

These file commands are available from within the Post Article dialog.

File Send Article

- When you are done entering the article, use this command to send the article to the news server.

File Save Draft

- Save your current work on the article to disk.

File Open Draft

- Load a previous draft and continue editing.

#### Bearbeitungsbefehle

This option is available from within the Post Article Dialog.

Edit Manage Posting Profiles

- See Posting Profiles.

Edit Run Editor

- Starts an external editor. Type in your post in the external editor as you normally would and save your work. The external editor will close and the text that was entered into that editor will be located in the text area.

Edit Set Editor

- Choose which external editor to use.

Edit Manage Editor List

- Setup another external editor.

Edit Cut, Copy and Paste

- The standard GUI text functions.

Edit Wrap Now

- Force the text flow into paragraphs instead of running off the edge of the text area.

Edit Wrap Text

- Set this option to have text automatically wrap when entered.

Edit Check Spelling

- Set this option and possible spelling errors in the text area will marked with a red wavy line.

Edit ROT 13

- ROT13 is a simple cipher to hide story spoilers, joke punchlines, etc. Select the text to cipher and use this command.

## Aufgaben

Certain tasks performed by Pan, like downloading binary posts or grabbing new headers for a group, can take a long time. These tasks are queued and performed in the background while Pan is processing other tasks like grabbing an article.

### Letzte Aufgabe widerrufen

You can quickly cancel the last task added to the task queue by selecting: File Cancel Last Task .

### Aufgabenverwaltung

Background tasks can be manipulated by using the Task Manager. The Task Manager can be accessed with File Task Manger or by left-clicking in the task area of the Status Bar at the bottom of the Pan screen.

The Task Manger window is composed of the following parts:

Toolbar

- The toolbar contains all the commands you need to manipulate the tasks in the Task Manger Window.

Informational Area

- The Informational Area displays the number of queued tasks, the amount of data that needs to downloaded to complete the queued tasks, the current download rate and the estimated time needed to complete the queued tasks.

Aufgabenliste

- A list of queued tasks. Each row is a separate task.

In order to manipulate a task, click on it and the row will be highlighted. Then click on one of the buttons in the toolbar.

If Pan is shutdown whiles tasks are still waiting in the task manager, the task list is saved to disk and resumed when Pan is restarted. This, however, is not true for upload tasks in the current version.

### NZB-Dateien

Pan saves its task list in `$HOME/.pan2/tasks.nzb` file. You can import other task lists into Pan by choosing File Import NZB Files .

## Wertung

Scoring allows the user to give an article a rating based on user-defined scoring rules. This rating can then be used by Pan to perform score-based actions.

When a group's article headers are first downloaded from the news server, all the articles have a score of 0. Then the list of scoring rules in the score file are applied to each article. The score file rules might give an article from John Smith a high score, while articles with a subject line containing the phrase "For Sale" a negative score.

### Scoring Actions

Pan can perform two actions based on an article's score:

- View an article by using View Header Pane Match Scores of xxxx . The default is to hide articles (by not matching) with a score of -9999. and view all other scores.

- Change the background and text color of the score column in the Header Pane. This is defined in Edit Preferences Colors .

### Adding Scoring Rules

There are several ways to add rules to the score file. Select an article in the Header Pane and then select Articles Watch Thread . This rule sets the score of any post located in the thread of the selected article to 9999.

The opposite of the above rule is Articles Ignore Thread . This rule sets the score of any post located in the thread of the selected article to -9999.

Both of these scoring rules only work in the selected group and expire in one month.

Selecting an article and selecting Articles Ignore Author will open the New Scoring Rule dialog.

The default of this scoring rule is to score all the posts of the author of the selected article -9999 for the next month in the selected group. By clicking on various fields and selecting different options in the New Scoring Rule dialog, you can customize the rule further. For instance, instead of having the rule expire in one month, you can have the rule last forever. Also note that you can make the rule add to the score of an article, making it a watch rule. So the name "Ignore Author" can be somewhat of a misnomer.

When finished, click Add and Rescore to close the dialog box.

Selecting an article and selecting Articles Add a Scoring Rule is very similar to the Ignore Author section described above as it opens the same New Scoring Rule dialog, just with different defaults. Construct a rule in the same fashion as described above.

### Editing or Deleting Scoring Rules

Selecting an article that is currently being scored and choosing Articles Edit Article's Watch/Ignore/Score will open the Article's Scores dialog box. From this dialog you can manipulate the scoring rule for the currently selected article. Each rule will have its own row describing the scoring action (plus or minus points), locations and line number of this rule in the score file and the texts of the rule. Select the rule and click Add button to alter the rule or Remove button to delete the rule from the score file. Click Close and Rescore when finished.

### Advanced Scoring

The scoring file is located at `$HOME/.pan2/Score`. Advanced users might want to edit this file directly with a text editor to create advanced scoring rules that are difficult or impossible to construct from the New Scoring Rule dialog.

This is probably easiest via the Edit Edit Score File menu as that will automatically rescore articles when you exit the edit window.

The format of the scoring rules is similar to the application slrn, but be aware that not all slrn scoring functions will work in Pan.

The slrn scoring functions are described in the document slrn - Scoring.

## Anpassen

This section describes how certain features or actions in Pan can be customized.

### Verhalten

Many of the default actions of Pan, such as mouse clicks, actions when entering or leaving a group and the action of Space can be altered.

In Edit Preferences Behavior

- - Mouse

    The two boxes of the mouse section change the default action of the left mouse button. If unselected, you would have to double click on a group or article to activate it.

  - Groups

    The selections in the group section control what commands Pan will automatically run when manipulating groups.

    - The first box, when activated, will automatically get new headers for all subscribed groups whenever Pan is started. This is the equivalent of using Groups Get New Headers in Subscribed Groups from the menubar.

    - The next box, when activated, will automatically get new headers when entering a group. This is the equivalent of using Groups Get New Headers in Selected Group from the menubar.

    - The next box, when activated, will mark the entire group read when leaving a group. This is the equivalent of using Groups Mark Group Read from the menubar.

    - The last box in the Groups section, when activated, will expand all threads in the Header Pane when entering a group.

  - Articles

    The first option, when activated, makes Space select the next article rather than the next unread article. This is handy if you are viewing a thread with read and unread articles mixed together.

    The next option activates smooth scrolling in the Article Pane.

### GUI Composition

The layout and view of the Group, Header and Body Panes in Pan can be customized in several ways.

Pane Layout

- In Edit Preferences Layout the orientation of the Groups, Header and Body Panes can be manipulated.

Tabbed Layout

- Instead of having all three panes share the Pan main window at one time, another view, called Tabbed Layout, can be activated by choosing View Layout Tabbed Layout . Now, only one of the three Panes will be displayed at a time. Each Pane is brought to the front of other Panes by clicking on its tab located directly under the tool bar or by pressing "1", "2" or "3" for the Group, Header or Body Pane respectively.

Show/Hide Panes

- You can hide a specific Pane by choosing from View Layout and using the selection box to show/hide each of the Panes.

Fonts

- Choose Edit Preferences Fonts to select a font.

  Pan can use the monospace font in the article Pane, if activated.

Colors

- Choose Edit Preferences Colors to customize the colors used in Pan.

  The first section allows you to customize the colors used by scoring in the Header Pane. See pan-scoring for more information on how to use this feature.

  The second section allows you to customize the colors used in the Body Pane.

### Externe Anwendungen

In this section you set up external applications that Pan can use.

In Edit Preferences Applications :

- - Web Browser

    Click the Web Button to choose which external application to launch when clicking on an HTML link.

  - Mail Reader

    Choose which external application to launch when clicking on an email address or when sending a post via email.

To set up an external text editor, choose Post Post to Newsgroup . From the Post Article dialog menubar, choose Edit Set Editor

### Größe des Artikel-Zwischenspeichers

The article cache is a fixed-size disk buffer where Pan stores articles when they are downloaded from a news server. If the user downloads a large amount of binary attachments, the default cache size might be inadequate.

The article cache size can be changed in Edit Preferences Behavior Article Cache

### News-Server

Pan must connect to a special computer called a news server. The news server is the gateway used to access Usenet.

Choose Edit Edit News Servers and the Servers dialog will appear. Click on a server name and you can edit or remove it via the buttons. Click the Add button to add another server.

When you add or edit an existing server, the Edit a Server's Settings dialog will appear.

In the location section:

- Adresse

  Die Internetadresse des Servers.

- Port

  The port of the server. Port 119 is the standard port number for unsecured NNTP connections, port 563 is for TLS/SSL connections.

The next section is the login information for the server. If you server requires a username and password, enter them here. If the server allows anonymous login or does not require authentication, just let these fields blank.

- Benutzername

  Geben Sie den Benutzernamen ein, sobald Sie danach gefragt werden.

- Passwort

  Geben Sie das Passwort ein, sobald Sie danach gefragt werden.

  Pan can store saved passwords in a password storage service provided by `GNOME Keyring` or `libsecret`. To enable this feature, use Edit Preferences Miscellaneous Save passwords in password storage. Password storage support is an optional feature and may not be available in your Pan build.

The next section allows you to enter certain Pan settings that are server specific.

- Verbindungslimit

  Pan can open multiple connections to a server so the user can perform simultaneous actions like download a binary attachment will reading articles in a text group.

  In order to follow the GNKSA rules, the maximum number of connections Pan can have open with a server is 4.

- Expire Old Articles

  From this toggle box, you can pick a time when Pan will expire old articles and remove them from its article index.

- Server Rank

  When you have more than 1 server configured, Pan uses server rank to decide from which server to download the article. Only after all primary servers have been tried for the article will Pan use the fallback servers.

  The reason for this feature is that a user might have access to a free server and also have access to a byte-limited premium server. Server ranking allows Pan to use the fallback server as little as possible.

- TLS-(SSL-)Optionen

  If security and privacy are of concern, choose secured connections if the server supports it.

  TLS (SSL) support is an optional feature and may not be available in your Pan build.

- Always trust this server's certificate

  If you want to trust the server regardless of the authenticity of its certificate, you can enable this option. Use with caution!